Count every local device that needs a wired connection, then allow for a management laptop, future equipment and any uplink to a switch. If the router will serve only one controller, two ports may be enough. A camera or small office deployment may need a separate managed switch rather than a router with many built-in ports.
Port speed should match the traffic. Gigabit Ethernet is sensible for 5G, high-rate cameras, local file movement or a fast WAN; 100 Mbps may be adequate for low-volume industrial control. Also check whether ports can be configured as WAN or LAN, whether PoE is required and whether VLAN tagging is supported. The best design often uses the router for cellular and security functions while a suitable switch handles local expansion.
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How many Ethernet ports and what port speeds should an industrial router have for a particular site?
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